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Background   Ureaplasma parvum  is usually part of the normal genital flora. Rarely can it cause invasive infections such as genitourinary infections, septic arthritis, or meningitis.    Case presentation  Here we present the first description of chronic ureterocystitis in a 56-year-old immunocompromised patient, complicated first by reactive arthritis and secondarily by contralateral septic arthritis due to  U. parvum  infection.  U. parvum  was detected in synovial fluid and in a urine sample. Treatment consisted of double-J stenting and targeted antibiotic therapy. Evolution showed resolution of urinary symptoms and clinical improvement of arthritis despite functional sequelae.    Conclusions  Given the high prevalence of  U. parvum  colonisation, this diagnosis should remain a diagnosis of exclusion. However, because of the difficulty in detecting this microorganism, it should be considered in unexplained subacute urethritis or arthritis, including reactive arthritis, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Real-time PCR positivity in the absence of a differential diagnosis should not be overlooked.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06733-0.

bmc infectious diseases

Dual Ureaplasma parvum arthritis: a case report of U. parvum septic arthritis following contralateral reactive arthritis in an immunosuppressed patient