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Background  Sucrose (Suc) hydrolysis is directly associated with plants tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Invertase (INV) enzymes irreversibly catalyze Suc degradation to produce glucose (Glc) and fructose (Frc). However, genome-wide identification and function of individual members of the  INV  gene family in  Poncirus trifoliata  or its  Citrus  relatives in response to abiotic stresses are not fully understood.    Results  In this report, fourteen non-redundant  PtrINV  family members were identified in  P. trifoliata  including seven alkaline/neutral INV genes ( PtrA/NINV1–7 ), two vacuolar INV genes ( PtrVINV1–2 ), and five cell wall INV isoforms ( PtrCWINV1–5 ). A comprehensive analysis based on the biochemical characteristics, the chromosomal location, the exon–intron structures and the evolutionary relationships demonstrated the conservation and the divergence of  PtrINV s. In addition, expression analysis of  INV  genes during several abiotic stresses in various tissues indicated the central role of  A/NINV7  among  INV  family members in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that high accumulation of Suc, Glc, Frc and total sugar contents were directly correlated with the elevated activities of soluble INV enzymes in the cold-tolerant  P. trifoliata ,  C. ichangensis  and  C. sinensis , demonstrating the potential role of soluble INV enzymes for the cold tolerance of  Citrus .    Conclusions  This work offered a framework for understanding the physiological role of  INV  genes and laid a foundation for future functional studies of these genes in response to abiotic stresses.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03337-3.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of invertase gene family for abiotic stresses tolerance in Poncirus trifoliata