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Background   Vitis vinifera  L. is the most cultivated grapevine species worldwide.  Erysiphe necator  Sch., the causal agent of grape powdery mildew, is one of the main pathogens affecting viticulture.  V. vinifera  has little or no genetic resistances against  E. necator  and the grape industry is highly dependent on agrochemicals. Some Caucasian  V. vinifera  accessions have been reported to be resistant to  E. necator  and to have no genetic relationships to known sources of resistance to powdery mildew. The main purpose of this work was the study and mapping of the resistance to  E. necator  in the Caucasian grapes ‘Shavtsitska’ and ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’.    Results  The Caucasian varieties ‘Shavtsitska’ and ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’ showed a strong partial resistance to  E. necator  which segregated in two cross populations: the resistant genotypes delayed and limited the pathogen mycelium growth, sporulation intensity and number of conidia generated. A total of 184 seedlings of ‘Shavtsitska’ x ‘Glera’ population were genotyped through the Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technology and two high-density linkage maps were developed for the cross parents. The QTL analysis revealed a major resistance locus, explaining up to 80.15% of the phenotypic variance, on ‘Shavtsitska’ linkage group 13, which was associated with a reduced pathogen infection as well as an enhanced plant necrotic response. The genotyping of 105 Caucasian accessions with SSR markers flanking the QTL revealed that the resistant haplotype of ‘Shavtsitska’ was shared by ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’ and a total of 25 Caucasian grape varieties, suggesting a widespread presence of this resistance in the surveyed germplasm. The uncovered QTL was mapped in the region where the  Ren1  locus of resistance to  E. necator , identified in the  V. vinifera  ‘Kishmish vatkana’ and related grapes of Central Asia, is located. The genetic analysis conducted revealed that the Caucasian grapes in this study exhibit a resistant haplotype different from that of Central Asian grape accessions.    Conclusions  The QTL isolated in ‘Shavtsitska’ and present in the Caucasian  V. vinifera  varieties could be a new candidate gene of resistance to  E. necator  to use in breeding programmes. It co-localizes with the  Ren1  locus but shows a different haplotype from that of grapevines of Central Asia. We therefore consider that the Caucasian resistance locus, named  Ren1.2 , contains a member of a cluster of R-genes, of which the region is rich, and to be linked with, or possibly allelic, to  Ren1 .    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03174-4.

bmc plant biology

Construction of a high-density genetic map and detection of a major QTL of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Sch.) in Caucasian grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)