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Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short non-coding RNA molecules and play important roles in various biological processes. However, knowledge of the expression profiles and function of miRNAs on the regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis remains largely unknown. Results In this study, we found that brown adipose tissue (BAT) existed within the perirenal fat at 1 day after birth (D1) and transferred into white adipose tissue (WAT) at 30 days after birth (D30) by UCP1 protein expression and immunohistochemistry analysis. After that, we performed RNA sequencing on six libraries of goat BAT and WAT. A total of 238 known miRNAs and 1834 goat novel miRNAs were identified. Moreover, 395 differentially expressed miRNAs including 167 up-regulated and 228 down-regulated miRNAs were obtained in BAT. For the known BAT enriched miRNA, 30 miRNAs were enriched in goat BAT but not in mouse BAT. In addition, miR-433 was enriched in goat BAT but not in mouse BAT. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments reveal that miR-433 reduced the lipid accumulation of brown adipocytes and decreased the expression of BAT marker and mitochondrial related genes. However, miR-433 had no effect on lipid accumulation and thermogenesis in white adipocytes. In addition, miR-433 inhibited the expression of MAPK8 by targeting to the 3’UTR of MAPK8 gene. These data demonstrate that miR-433 acts as a negative regulator in controlling brown adipocytes differentiation and thermogenesis. Conclusion The present study provides a detailed miRNAs expression landscape in BAT and WAT. Furthermore, we found that miR-433, which was highly expressed on BAT had a negative regulatory function on the thermogenesis and adipogenesis in goat brown adipocytes. This study provides evidence for understanding the role of miRNAs in regulating BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure in goats.

RNA-Seq reveals miRNA role in thermogenic regulation in brown adipose tissues of goats