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Background   Burkholderia pseudomallei  is the causative agent of melioidosis, a frequently occurring disease in northeastern Thailand, where soil and water high in salt content are common. Using microarray analysis, we previously showed that  B. pseudomallei  up-regulated a short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase (SDO) under salt stress. However, the importance of SDO in  B. pseudomallei  infection is unknown. This study aimed to explore the function of  B. pseudomallei  SDO, and to investigate its role in interactions between  B. pseudomallei  and host cells.    Results  Bioinformatics analysis of  B. pseudomallei  SDO structure, based on homology modeling, revealed a NAD +  cofactor domain and a catalytic triad containing Ser149, Tyr162, and Lys166. This is similar to  Bacillus megaterium  glucose 1-dehydrogenase. To investigate the role of this protein, we constructed a  B. pseudomallei  SDO defective mutant, measured glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, and tested the interactions with host cells. The  B. pseudomallei  K96243 wild type exhibited potent GDH activity under condition containing 300 mM NaCl, while the mutant showed activity levels 15 times lower. Both invasion into the A549 cell line and early intracellular survival within the J774A.1 macrophage cell were impaired in the mutant. Complementation of SDO was able to restore the mutant ability to produce GDH activity, invade epithelial cells, and survive in macrophages.    Conclusions  Our data suggest that induced SDO activity during salt stress may facilitate  B. pseudomallei  invasion and affect initiation of successful intracellular infection. Identifying the role of  B. pseudomallei  SDO provides a better understanding of the association between bacterial adaptation and pathogenesis in melioidosis.

The role of short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase, induced by salt stress, on host interaction of B. pseudomallei