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Objective:   Emerging evidence has shown the association of aberrant microRNA-375 (miR-375) expression with tumourigenesis in many types of human malignancy. This prospective study characterized the contribution of miR-375 to the initiation and progression of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:   The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine miR-375 levels prospectively in 96 pairs of samples of NSCLC tissue and adjacent noncancerous tissue (&gt; 2 cm from cancer tissue). The relationship between miR-375 levels and clinico pathological features was also explored.Results:   MiR-375 was downregulated in 89% (85/96) of NSCLC samples compared with matched noncancerous tissue samples. Decreased miR-375 correlated significantly with advanced disease stage and lymphatic metastasis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that underexpression of miR-375 was an unfavourable prognostic factor for overall survival in NSCLC.Conclusions:   This study suggested that miR-375 is a novel prognostic indicator in NSCLC and might be a potential target for diagnosis and gene therapy.

Decreased Expression of MicroRNA-375 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer and its Clinical Significance