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Critical environmental limits are environmental thresholds above which heat gain exceeds heat loss and body core temperature (T c ) cannot be maintained at equilibrium. Those limits can be represented as critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT crit ), a validated index that represents the overall thermal environment. Little is known about WBGT crit at rest and during low-to-moderate intensity exercise, or sex differences in WBGT crit , in unacclimated young adults. The following hypotheses were tested: 1 ) WBGT crit progressively decreases as metabolic heat production (M net ) increases, 2 ) no sex differences in WBGT crit occur at rest, and 3 ) WBGT crit is lower during absolute-intensity exercise but higher at relative intensities in women than in men. Thirty-six participants [19 men (M)/17 women (W); 23 ± 4 yr] were tested at rest, during light, absolute-intensity exercise (10 W), or during moderate, relative-intensity exercise [30% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2max )] in an environmental chamber. Dry-bulb temperature was clamped as relative humidity or ambient water vapor pressure was increased until an upward inflection was observed in T c (rectal or esophageal temperature). Sex-aggregated WBGT crit was lower during 10 W (32.9°C ± 1.7°C, P &lt; 0.0001) and 30% V̇o 2max (31.6°C ± 1.1°C, P &lt; 0.0001) exercise versus at rest (35.3°C ± 0.8°C), and lower at 30% V̇o 2max versus 10 W ( P = 0.01). WBGT crit was similar between sexes at rest (35.6°C ± 0.8°C vs. 35.0°C ± 0.8°C, P = 0.83), but lower during 10 W (31.9°C ± 1.7°C vs. 34.1°C ± 0.3°C, P &lt; 0.01) and higher during 30% V̇o 2max (32.4°C ± 0.8°C vs. 30.8°C ± 0.9°C, P = 0.03) exercise in women versus men. These findings suggest that WBGT crit decreases as M net increases, no sex differences occur in WBGT crit at rest, and sex differences in WBGT crit during exercise depend on absolute versus relative intensities.

american journal of physiology. regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology/american journal of physiology. regulatory, integrative, and comparative physiology

Metabolism- and sex-dependent critical WBGT limits at rest and during exercise in the heat