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A locus close to one end of the linear N15 prophage closely resembles thesop operon which governs partition of the F plasmid; the promoter region contains similar operator sites, and the two putative gene products have extensive amino acid identity with the SopA and -B proteins of F. Our aim was to ascertain whether the N15sop homologue functions in partition, to identify the centromere site, and to examine possible interchangeability of function with the F Sop system. When expressed at a moderate level, N15 SopA and -B proteins partly stabilize mini-F which lacks its ownsop operon but retains thesopC centromere. The stabilization does not depend on increased copy number. Likewise, an N15 mutant with most of itssop operon deleted is partly stabilized by F Sop proteins and fully stabilized by its own. Four inverted repeat sequences similar to those ofsopC were located in N15. They are distant from thesop operon and from each other. Two of these were shown to stabilize a mini-Fsop deletion mutant when N15 Sop proteins were provided. Provision of the SopA homologue to plasmids with asopA deletion resulted in further destabilization of the plasmid. The N15 Sop proteins exert effective, but incomplete, repression at the Fsop promoter. We conclude that the N15sop locus determines stable inheritance of the prophage by using dispersed centromere sites. The SopB-centromere and SopA-operator interactions show partial functional overlap between N15 and F. SopA of each plasmid appears to interact with SopB of the other, but in a way that is detrimental to plasmid maintenance.

Partition of the Linear Plasmid N15: Interactions of N15 Partition Functions with the sop Locus of the F Plasmid