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Growth ofArthrobacter atrocyaneus andA. pyridinolis on certain growth substrates was found to be inhibited by pyruvate and compounds which can be converted to pyruvate. Growth ofA. atrocyaneus on acetate, for example, was completely inhibited by 5 mm pyruvate; growth of this organism on glucose was less sensitive and growth on succinate was insensitive to inhibition by pyruvate. Growth of a thirdArthrobacter species,A. crystallopoietes , on acetate and other substrates was not inhibited by pyruvate. The site of pyruvate inhibition was shown to be the isocitrate lyase reaction. Glyoxylate, which affords a bypass of this reaction, restored the ability ofA. atrocyaneus to evolve14 CO2 from acetate in the presence of pyruvate. The isocitrate lyases fromA. atrocyaneus andA. pyridinolis were competitively inhibited by concentrations of pyruvate as low as 1 mm , whereas the enzyme fromA. crystallopoietes was unaffected by this concentration of pyruvate. Comparable levels of phosphoenolpyruvate did not inhibit the isocitrate lyases from any of the species. A mutant strain ofA. atrocyaneus , PW11, which is deficient in isocitrate lyase activity, grew on glucose at a reduced rate that was comparable to the rate of growth of the wild-type strain on glucose plus lactate. Addition of lactate to PW11 did not further reduce its rate of growth on glucose. Thus, the glyoxylate pathway appears to be used as an anaplerotic pathway during growth ofA. atrocyaneus on glucose. Two other considerations suggest thatA. atrocyaneus andA. pyridinolis , but notA. crystallopoietes , may be deficient in the ability to convert pyruvate to 4-carbon acids. First, the former two species accumulate intracellular pyruvate from exogenousl -alanine to a much greater extent than doesA. crystallopoietes . Moreover,A. atrocyaneus andA. pyridinolis are incapable of growth on lactate as sole source of carbon whereasA. crystallopoietes can grow on lactate.

Inhibition of Isocitrate Lyase: the Basis for Inhibition of Growth of Two Arthrobacter Species by Pyruvate