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Thirty-one soil samples were examined for the presence of organisms capable of inhibiting growth and toxin production of strains ofClostridium botulinum type A. Such organisms were found in eight samples of soil. Inhibiting strains ofC. perfringens were found in five samples, ofC. sporogenes in three and ofBacillus cereus in three. Three of theC. perfringens strains produced an inhibitor effective on all 11 strains ofC. botulinum type A against which they were tested, seven of eight proteolytic type B strains, one nonproteolytic type B strain, five of nine type E strains and all seven type F strains, whether proteolytic or nonproteolytic. They did not inhibit any of 26 type C strains, 6 type D strains, 4 type E strains, or 24C. sporogenes strains. In mixed culture, an inhibitor strain ofC. perfringens repressed growth and toxin production by aC. botulinum type A strain even though it was outnumbered by the latter about 40 times. It also repressed growth and toxin production ofC. botulinum in mixed culture of soils in which this latter organism naturally occurred when cooked meat medium but not when trypticase medium was used.

Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by Strains of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Soil