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A method is described for the measurement of14 CO2 assimilation by microorganisms in soils. A determination involves exposing soil to14 CO2 , pyrolyzing the exposed soil, trapping the organic pyrolysis products on a column of firebrick coated with CuO, combusting the trapped organics by heating, and measuring the radioactivity in the CO2 produced in the combustion. The detection of significant levels of14 C in the trapped organic fraction appears to be an unambiguous indication of biological activity. The14 CO2 which is adsorbed or exchanged into soils by nonbiological processes does not interfere. The method easily detects the14 CO2 fixed by 102 to 103 algae after light exposure for 3 to 24 hr. Assimilation of14 C is also demonstrable in dark-exposed soils containing 105 to 106 heterotrophic bacteria. Possible applications of the method in the biological exploration of Mars are discussed.

Measurement of 14 CO 2 Assimilation in Soils: an Experiment for the Biological Exploration of Mars