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In order to determine the specificities of PCR-based assays used for detectingCryptosporidium parvum DNA, eight pairs of previously described PCR primers targeting six distinct regions of theCryptosporidium genome were evaluated for the detection ofC. parvum , the agent of human cryptosporidiosis, andC. muris ,C. baileyi , andC. meleagridis , threeCryptosporidium species that infect birds or mammals but are not considered to be human pathogens. The fourCryptosporidium species were divided into two groups:C. parvum andC. meleagridis , which gave the same-sized fragments with all the reactions, andC. muris andC. baileyi , which gave positive results with primer pairs targeting the 18S rRNA gene only. In addition to being genetically similar at each of the eight loci analyzed by DNA amplification,C. parvum andC. meleagridis couldn’t be differentiated even after restriction enzyme digestion of the PCR products obtained from three of the target genes. This study indicates that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of data from water sample analysis performed by these methods, since a positive result does not necessarily reflect a contamination by the human pathogenC. parvum.

Failure To Differentiate Cryptosporidium parvum from C. meleagridis Based on PCR Amplification of Eight DNA Sequences