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Evolutionary trajectories of duplicated FT homologues and their roles in soybean domestication
Author(s) -
Wu Faqiang,
Sedivy Eric J.,
Price William Brian,
Haider Waseem,
Hanzawa Yoshie
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.13521
Subject(s) - domestication , biology , allele , glycine soja , genetics , transposable element , locus (genetics) , gene , molecular evolution , lineage (genetic) , mutant , phylogenetics , glycine , amino acid
Summary To clarify the molecular bases of flowering time evolution in crop domestication, here we investigate the evolutionary fates of a set of four recently duplicated genes in soybean: FT 2a , FT 2b , FT 2c and FT 2d that are homologues of the floral inducer FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ). While FT 2a maintained the flowering inducer function, other genes went through contrasting evolutionary paths. FT 2b evolved attenuated expression potentially associated with a transposon insertion in the upstream intergenic region, while FT 2c and FT 2d obtained a transposon insertion and structural rearrangement, respectively. In contrast to FT 2b and FT 2d whose mutational events occurred before the separation of G. max and G. soja , the evolution of FT 2c is a G. max lineage specific event. The FT 2c allele carrying a transposon insertion is nearly fixed in soybean landraces and differentiates domesticated soybean from wild soybean, indicating that this allele spread at the early stage of soybean domestication. The domesticated allele causes later flowering than the wild allele under short day and exhibits a signature of selection. These findings suggest that FT 2c may have underpinned the evolution of photoperiodic flowering regulation in soybean domestication and highlight the evolutionary dynamics of this agronomically important gene family.