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Effects of storage temperature and combined microbial inoculants on fermentation end products and microbial populations of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage
Author(s) -
Wang S.,
Dong Z.,
Li J.,
Chen L.,
Shao T.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.14083
Subject(s) - microbial inoculant , silage , lolium multiflorum , fermentation , lactic acid , food science , biology , lolium , starter , agronomy , acetic acid , bacteria , zoology , horticulture , inoculation , biochemistry , poaceae , genetics
Abstract Aims To examine five lactic acid bacteria ( LAB ) strains ( LCG 9, LTG 7, I5, TG 1 and LI 3) isolated from the Tibetan Plateau, and evaluate their combined effects on the silage quality of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at three temperatures (10, 15 and 25°C). Methods and Results The isolated strains were evaluated by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Six combined inoculants LCG 9+ LI 3, LCG 9+I5, LCG 9+ TG 1, LTG 7+ LI 3, LTG 7+I5 and LTG 7+ TG 1 were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling 30 days in laboratory silos (1L) at various temperatures, respectively. All the isolates could grow normally at 5–20°C, pH 3·5–7·0 and NaCl (3·0, 6·5%). Compared to three corresponding controls, all the inoculants improved the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at different temperatures, indicated by markedly ( P < 0·05) higher lactic acid ( LA ) contents and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid ( LA / AA ), and lower pH and ammonia nitrogen ( NH 3 ‐N) contents and undesirable micro‐organism counts. At 10°C, LTG 7+ LI 3, I5 or TG 1 inoculants performed superior to LCG 9+ LI 3, I5 or TG 1 inoculants, evidenced by distinctly ( P < 0·05) higher LA contents and ratios of LA / AA , and lower pH and NH 3 ‐N contents. LTG 7+ LI 3 or TG 1 silages had obviously ( P < 0·05) higher LAB counts than LTG 7+I5 silage at 10°C. Conclusions Therefore, the combined inoculants LTG 7 + LI 3 or TG 1 are recommended as starter cultures for Italian ryegrass silage at low temperatures. Significance and Impact of the Study Temperature is a key factor affecting ensilage. In cold regions, low temperature could be an adverse environmental condition during ensiling. However, few studies have focused on improving silage quality at low temperatures. Moreover, analysis of effects of combined LAB strains with their physiological and biochemical characteristics help us use combined LAB inoculants to realize the fermentation optimization.