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Oral human β‐defensin 2 in HIV‐infected subjects with long‐term use of antiretroviral therapy
Author(s) -
Nittayananta Wipawee,
Kemapunmanus Marisa,
Amornthatree Korntip,
Talungchit Sineepat,
Sriplung Hutcha
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of oral pathology and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.887
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1600-0714
pISSN - 0904-2512
DOI - 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01183.x
Subject(s) - saliva , medicine , immunology , regimen , gastroenterology
Background: The objectives of this study were to determine (i) oral hBD2 expression in HIV‐infected subjects compared with non‐HIV controls, (ii) the expression of oral hBD2 in HIV‐infected subjects with antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with those without ART, and (iii) factors associated with the expression of oral hBD2. Methods: Oral examination and punched biopsy on buccal mucosa were performed in HIV‐infected subjects with and without ART, and non‐HIV individuals. The expression of hBD2 mRNA was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. Saliva samples of both un‐stimulated and stimulated saliva were collected and analyzed for hBD2 levels using ELISA. Student’s t ‐test and nonparametric multi‐way ANOVA test were used for comparison of measurements between or among groups. Results: One hundred and fifty‐seven HIV‐infected subjects were enrolled: 99 on ART (age range, 23–57 years; mean 39 years), 58 not on ART (age range, 20–59 years; mean 34 years), and 50 non‐HIV controls (age range, 19–59 years; mean 36 years). The most common ART regimen was two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + one non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Salivary levels of hBD2 were significantly increased in HIV infection ( P < 0.001). The levels of hBD2 in stimulated saliva were also found to be significantly different between HIV‐infected subjects who were and were not on ART ( P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed with the expression of hBD2 mRNA. Conclusion: Oral innate immunity is affected by HIV infection and use of ART. Salivary hBD2 levels may be the useful biomarkers to monitor those on long‐term ART who are at risk of developing oral infections and malignant transformation.