Open AccessAlpine glacial advance in relation to a proxy summer temperature index based mainly on wine harvest dates, A.D. 1453–1973
Author(s) -
BRAY J. ROGER
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
boreas
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.95
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1502-3885
pISSN - 0300-9483
DOI - 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1982.tb00514.x
Subject(s) - glacial period , proxy (statistics) , physical geography , northern hemisphere , geology , climatology , climate change , index (typography) , geography , geomorphology , oceanography , machine learning , world wide web , computer science
A highly significant correlation was calculated between French wine harvest dates and central England summer temperature from 1659 to 1879 which harvest dates might be used to approximate western European summer temperatures for the pre‐instrumental period. A proxy summer temperature index was thereby constructed which combined French and German wine harvest and central England temperature data. This index was significantly correlated with a tree‐ring density prealpine Swiss summer temperature index from 1484 to 1973 and also with Northern Hemisphere annual temperatures from 1579 to 1973. Comparison of the proxy index with Alpine glaciation summaries showed highly significant relationships between glacial advance and intervals of below‐ median proxy temperature for all glacial studies combined and for the two most complete individual studies allowing a, even‐year lag between temperature decline and glacial advance. The initial Little Ice Age glacial expansion around A.D. 1600 occurred towards the close of the longest below‐median proxy temperature sequence which lasted from A.D. 1569 to 1604. Subsequent to this, glacial readvances were related to summer temperature declines of lesser duration or magnitude.