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Transcriptional reprogramming by root knot and migratory nematode infection in rice
Author(s) -
Kyndt Tina,
Denil Simon,
Haegeman Annelies,
Trooskens Geert,
Bauters Lander,
Criekinge Wim,
Meyer Tim,
Gheysen Godelieve
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04311.x
Subject(s) - biology , nematode infection , nematode , gall , root knot nematode , oryza sativa , cytokinin , metabolic pathway , botany , salicylic acid , gene , auxin , ecology , genetics
Summary Rice is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, but its yield is compromised by different pathogens, including plant‐parasitic nematodes. In this study we have characterized specific and general responses of rice ( O ryza sativa ) roots challenged with two endoparasitic nematodes with very different modes of action. Local transcriptional changes in rice roots upon root knot ( M eloidogyne graminicola ) and root rot nematode (RRN, H irschmanniella oryzae ) infection were studied at two time points (3 and 7 d after infection, dai), using mRNA ‐seq. Our results confirm that root knot nematodes (RKNs), which feed as sedentary endoparasites, stimulate metabolic pathways in the root, and enhance nutrient transport towards the induced root gall. The migratory RRNs, on the other hand, induce programmed cell death and oxidative stress, and obstruct the normal metabolic activity of the root. While RRN infection causes up‐regulation of biotic stress‐related genes early in the infection, the sedentary RKNs suppress the local defense pathways (e.g. salicylic acid and ethylene pathways). Interestingly, hormone pathways mainly involved in plant development were strongly induced (gibberellin) or repressed (cytokinin) at 3 dai. These results uncover previously unrecognized nematode‐induced expression profiles related to their specific infection strategy.