Premium
Efficacy of influenza vaccination in HIV‐positive patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
Anema A,
Mills E,
Montaner J,
Brownstein JS,
Cooper C
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
hiv medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.53
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1468-1293
pISSN - 1464-2662
DOI - 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00515.x
Subject(s) - medicine , meta analysis , confidence interval , randomized controlled trial , odds ratio , vaccination , influenza vaccine , relative risk , population , clinical trial , immunology , environmental health
Background International treatment guidelines recommend that HIV‐positive patients be vaccinated for influenza annually. Evidence supporting this recommendation is limited. We assessed the efficacy of influenza vaccines in preventing influenza in HIV‐positive patients through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods We searched 10 electronic databases independently, in duplicate (from inception to June 2007). We extracted data on study design, population characteristics and outcomes related to influenza symptoms and antibody titres. We pooled data using a random effects model and conducted sensitivity analyses to evaluate heterogeneity. Results We included four studies. Three studies were evaluable for meta‐analysis and yielded a pooled relative risk reduction (RRR) of 66% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36–82%; I 2 =73%]. One case–control study yielded an odds ratio of 1.98 (95% CI 0.75–5.20). When we assessed heterogeneity according to study design, we found that the study of the highest quality, a randomized clinical trial (RCT), yielded the most conservative estimate (RRR 41%; 95% CI 2–64%). Interpretation Evidence supporting influenza vaccination of HIV‐positive individuals is limited, poorly quantified and characterized by substantial methodological shortcomings. A reasonable estimate of influenza vaccination effectiveness in HIV‐positive patients cannot be derived from these data. There is an urgent need for randomized trials to guide policy and clinical practice.