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Adipocytokine zinc α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) as a novel urinary biomarker for normo‐albuminuric diabetic nephropathy
Author(s) -
Lim S. C.,
Liying D. Q.,
Toy W. C.,
Wong M.,
Yeoh L. Y.,
Tan C.,
Lau D.,
Tan C.,
Subramaniam T.,
Sum C. F.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
diabetic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.474
H-Index - 145
eISSN - 1464-5491
pISSN - 0742-3071
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03564.x
Subject(s) - medicine , albuminuria , diabetic nephropathy , renal function , endocrinology , nephropathy , creatinine , proteinuria , urinary system , diabetes mellitus , kidney
Diabet. Med. 29, 945–949 (2012) Abstract Objective A substantial proportion of diabetic nephropathy individuals are non‐albuminuric. Using a proteomic approach, we searched for novel urinary biomarkers. Methods We studied three groups ( n = 6 per group) of males with Type 2 diabetes: (1) normal renal function; (2) classical diabetic nephropathy (urinary albumin–creatinine ratio > 1000 mg/g and glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min.1.73 m 2 ) and (3) non‐albuminuric diabetic nephropathy (glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min.1.73 m 2 and urinary albumin–creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g). We used two‐dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry peptide identification and western blot validation in the study. Results Sixty protein spots were differentially abundant between the non‐albuminuric and macro‐albuminuric subjects (> 2.5‐fold, P < 0.05). In the non‐albuminuric subjects, in addition to previously reported α 1 ‐microglobulin, the next most interesting spot (upregulated 3.44‐fold, P = 0.0026) was human zinc‐α 2 ‐glycoprotein, a novel adipose‐cytokine associated with glomerular injury. This was confirmed by western blot and replicated in female diabetic nephropathy subjects. Conclusions From our preliminary results, human zinc‐α 2 ‐glycoprotein may be a novel urinary biomarker for non‐albuminuric diabetic nephropathy.