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Therapeutic options in the management of intermediate‐risk nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Author(s) -
Horvath Andras,
Mostafid Hugh
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08094.x
Subject(s) - medicine , bladder cancer , oncology , cancer , stage (stratigraphy) , urology , surgery , paleontology , biology
Non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancers form a heterogeneous group of tumours with varying recurrence and progression rates. Recently low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk categories, based on tumour stage and grade, have been used to predict prognosis and guide treatment. Whilst the therapeutic options for the low‐ and high‐risk groups are well defined, the optimal treatment for patients in the intermediate‐risk group is unknown. We review current treatment options, recent advances and future developments in the treatment of patients with intermediate‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.