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Adaptive radiation in microbial microcosms
Author(s) -
CRAIG MACLEAN R.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of evolutionary biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.289
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1420-9101
pISSN - 1010-061X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00931.x
Subject(s) - biology , pleiotropy , adaptive radiation , microcosm , natural selection , selection (genetic algorithm) , replicate , experimental evolution , evolutionary biology , diversification (marketing strategy) , ecology , evolutionary ecology , microevolution , adaptive evolution , genetics , gene , phylogenetics , population , phenotype , host (biology) , statistics , mathematics , demography , marketing , artificial intelligence , sociology , computer science , business
Abstract It has often been argued that evolutionary diversification is the result of divergent natural selection for specialization on alternative resources. I provide a comprehensive review of experiments that examine the ecology and genetics of resource specialization and adaptive radiation in microbial microcosms. In these experiments, resource heterogeneity generates divergent selection for specialization on alternative resources. At a molecular level, the evolution of specialization is generally attributable to mutations that de‐regulate the expression of existing biosynthetic and catabolic pathways. Trade‐offs are associated with the evolution of resource specialization, but these trade‐offs are often not the result of antagonistic pleiotropy. Replicate adaptive radiations result in the evolution of a similar assemblage of specialists, but the genetic basis of specialization differs in replicate radiations. The implications of microbial selection experiments for evolutionary theory are discussed and future directions of research are proposed.