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Production of 4‐ethylphenol from 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid by Lactobacillus sp. isolated from a swine waste lagoon
Author(s) -
Kridelbaugh D.,
Hughes S.,
Allen T.,
Doerner K.C.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04642.x
Subject(s) - hydroxycinnamic acid , food science , lactobacillus plantarum , lactobacillus , biology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , lactic acid , chemistry , fermentation , genetics , antioxidant
Abstract Aims: To determine the source material and the responsible micro‐organisms of 4‐ethylphenol production in swine lagoon sediment slurries. Methods and Results: Swine lagoon sediment was blended and incubated with tryptone–yeast extract broth containing 10 mmol l −1 each of 4‐hydroxycinnamic as well as other phenolics. 4‐Ethylphenol was only produced from 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that the microbial community was substantially altered from inclusion of 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid. Serial dilutions and selective plating were employed to isolate a culture capable of 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid conversion to 4‐ethylphenol. Morphological and ribosomal gene analysis indicated the isolate to be a Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp. pep8 converted 4‐vinylphenol, but not 4‐hydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionate, to 4‐ethylphenol and did not convert 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid to 4‐ethyl‐2‐methoxyphenol. A p ‐coumaric acid decarboxylase ( pdc ) gene identical to Lact. plantarum pdc genes was cloned from Lactobacillus sp. pep8. Conclusions: Swine lagoon sediments produce 4‐ethylphenol from 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid due, in part, to the activity of Lactobacillus spp. Significance and Impact of the Study: 4‐Ethylphenol, a malodourant of swine and beef wastes, is generated from plant materials by indigenous lactobacilli suggesting that altering the amount dietary of plant material may influence levels of 4‐ethylphenol in the wastes.