Open AccessHypoxia Reduces Hormone Responsiveness of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Author(s) -
Kurebayashi Junichi,
Otsuki Takemi,
Moriya Takuya,
Sonoo Hiroshi
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
japanese journal of cancer research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1349-7006
pISSN - 0910-5050
DOI - 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01064.x
Subject(s) - hypoxia (environmental) , endocrinology , antiestrogen , hif1a , medicine , breast cancer , estrogen receptor alpha , estrogen receptor , estrogen , cancer cell , tamoxifen , biology , cancer research , tumor hypoxia , cancer , chemistry , angiogenesis , radiation therapy , organic chemistry , oxygen
Resistance to hormonal therapy frequently occurs following successful treatment in breast cancer. The mechanism responsible for this acquired resistance is still unknown. It has been suggested that a hypoxic tumor microenvironment promotes malignant progression of cancer, i.e., hypoxia may promote estrogen‐independent growth (a more malignant phenotype) of breast cancer. To clarify this hypothesis, the effects of hypoxia on the growth responses to hormonal agents and the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER)‐α and progesterone receptor (PgR) were investigated in two human breast cancer cell lines, ML‐20 and KPL‐1. The expression level of ER‐α was significantly decreased by hypoxia (1% O 2 ) in a tune‐dependent manner in both cell lines. Hypoxia also significantly reduced the growth‐promoting effect of estradiol (E2) and the growth‐inhibitory effects of an antiestrogen, ICI 182 780, and a progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, in both cell lines. In addition, hypoxia markedly suppressed the induction of PgR mRNA and protein by E2 in both cell lines. To clarify further the effect of hypoxia on ER‐α expression, the expression levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐la (HIF‐lα), a marker of hypoxia and ER‐α were immunohistochemically examined in 36 breast cancer specimens. ER‐α expression (both its proportion and intensity) was significantly lower in nuclear HIF‐lα‐positive tumors than in negative tumors. These findings indicate that hypoxia down‐regulates ER‐α expression as well as ER‐α function in breast cancer cells. These processes may lead to an acquired resistance to hormonal therapy in breast cancer