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Differences in Wetting Characteristics of Bi 2 O 3 Polymorphs in ZnO Varistor Materials
Author(s) -
Elfwing Mattias,
Österlund Ragnar,
Olsson Eva
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01552.x
Subject(s) - bismuth , wetting , varistor , materials science , grain boundary , microstructure , transmission electron microscopy , amorphous solid , composite material , mineralogy , metallurgy , crystallography , nanotechnology , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , voltage
Detailed analysis of the microstructure of grain boundaries, especially triple‐grain and multiple‐grain junctions, in ZnO varistor materials has been performed using transmission electron microscopy. Different polymorphs of Bi 2 O 3 are shown to exhibit different wetting properties on ZnO interfaces. Recent investigations suggest that the equilibrium configuration consists of crystalline Bi 2 O 3 in the triple‐grain and multiple‐grain junctions and an amorphous bismuth‐rich film in the ZnO/ZnO grain boundaries. The present investigation supports this suggestion for δ‐Bi 2 O 3 and also adds to the microstructural image and wetting properties of α‐Bi 2 O 3 .