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Low‐cost, frequency‐domain, fluorescence lifetime confocal microscopy
Author(s) -
Booth M. J.,
Wilson T.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01316.x
Subject(s) - confocal , fluorescence , confocal microscopy , microscope , materials science , optics , microscopy , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , modulation (music) , fluorescence microscope , laser , laser diode , frequency domain , optoelectronics , diode , computer science , physics , computer vision , acoustics
Summary We describe the theory and implementation of a frequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime confocal microscope using switched diode laser illumination. Standard, communications‐type, radio‐frequency electronics are used to provide inexpensive modulation references and to perform phase‐sensitive detection. This allows the rapid acquisition of fluorescence intensity and lifetime images and their display in real time. We show fluorescence lifetime images of bead objects and fluorescence lifetime images of biological specimens from a single confocal scan.