Dishevelled segment polarity protein 3 (DVL3): a novel and easily applicable recurrence predictor in localised prostate adenocarcinoma

Objective To identify new biomarkers for biochemical recurrence ( BCR ) of prostate adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Clinical information of 500 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and their 152 RNA ‐sequencing and protein‐array data from The Cancer Genome Atlas ( TCGA ) were separated into a discovery set and a validation set. Each dataset was analysed according to the Gleason grade groups reflecting BCR . The results obtained from the analysis using TCGA dataset were confirmed by immunohistochemistry analyses of a confirmation cohort composed of 395 patients with localised prostate adenocarcinoma. Results TCGA discovery set was subgrouped into lower‐ and higher‐risk groups for recurrence‐free survival ( RFS ) ( P < 0.001). Cyclin B1 ( CCNB 1), dishevelled segment polarity protein 3 ( DVL 3), paxillin ( PXN ), RAF 1, transferrin, X‐ray repair cross complementing 5 ( XRCC 5) and BIM had lower expression in the lower‐risk group than that in the higher‐risk group (all, P < 0.05). In TCGA validation set, CCNB 1, DVL 3, transferrin, XRCC 5 and BIM were also differently expressed between the two groups. Immunohistochemically, DVL 3 positivity was associated with high prostate‐specific antigen ( PSA ) levels, resection margin involvement, and BCR (all, P < 0.05). A high Gleason score indicated a marginal relationship ( P = 0.055). BIM positivity was related to high PSA levels, lymphovascular invasion, and BCR (all, P < 0.05). Both DVL 3 positivity ( P = 0.010) and BIM positivity ( P = 0.024) were associated with shorter RFS , but statistical significance was lost when the multivariate Cox regression model included all patients. In the lower‐risk group, the multivariate Cox model confirmed that DVL 3 was an independent predictor for poor RFS (hazard ratio 1.80, P = 0.040), and the concordance index ( C ‐index) was 0.805. Conclusions DVL 3 and BIM were expressed in patients with a higher risk of BCR . DVL 3 may be a novel and easily applicable recurrence predictor of localised prostate adenocarcinoma.