Growth Patterns and Individual Variation in Mid‐sagittal Facial Soft Tissue Depth from Childhood to Adulthood | Zendy

McKin Meghan R. | Zendy; Simpson Ellie K. | Zendy; Henneberg Maciej | Zendy

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Growth Patterns and Individual Variation in Mid‐sagittal Facial Soft Tissue Depth from Childhood to Adulthood

Author(s) -

McKin Meghan R.,

Simpson Ellie K.,

Henneberg Maciej

Publication year - 2018

Publication title -

journal of forensic sciences

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.715

H-Index - 96

eISSN - 1556-4029

pISSN - 0022-1198

DOI - 10.1111/1556-4029.13768

Subject(s) - multivariate analysis of variance , soft tissue , facial reconstruction , sagittal plane , multivariate statistics , anatomy , longitudinal sample , skeleton (computer programming) , multivariate analysis , cephalometry , forensic anthropology , early adulthood , orthodontics , dentistry , biology , medicine , young adult , psychology , developmental psychology , mathematics , gerontology , surgery , statistics , geography , archaeology

Previous studies have used longitudinal samples to investigate growth of the skeletal aspects of the face, although far less has been done on facial soft tissue. This study uses a larger sample than previous studies on the same data (Denver and Fels growth series) to explore covariation of bony and soft facial dimensions comprehensively from childhood to adulthood. A total of 1036 lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized from 60 individuals, and distances between facial landmarks were measured using ImageJ. Multivariate analysis of variance ( MANOVA ) showed all bony facial landmark distances were significantly different ( p > 0.05) between age groups; however, only half were significantly different between sexes. Further analysis showed the effect of age (calculated as eta‐squared) explained a greater percentage of total variation (20%) than sex (15%). Overall, soft tissue changes between 0 and 19 years of age were small (<3 mm) and only some were correlated to underlying facial skeleton dimensions.

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