Open AccessThe High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL
Author(s) -
Zastrau Ulf,
Appel Karen,
Baehtz Carsten,
Baehr Oliver,
Batchelor Lewis,
Berghäuser Andreas,
Banjafar Mohammadreza,
Brambrink Erik,
Cerantola Valerio,
Cowan Thomas E.,
Damker Horst,
Dietrich Steffen,
Di Dio Cafiso Samuele,
Dreyer Jörn,
Engel Hans-Olaf,
Feldmann Thomas,
Findeisen Stefan,
Foese Ma,
Fulla-Marsa Daniel,
Göde Sebastian,
Hassan Mohammed,
Hauser Jens,
Herrmannsdörfer Thomas,
Höppner Hauke,
Kaa Johannes,
Kaever Peter,
Knöfel Klaus,
Konôpková Zuzana,
Laso García Alejandro,
Liermann Hanns-Peter,
Mainberger Jona,
Makita Mikako,
Martens Eike-Christian,
McBride Emma E.,
Möller Dominik,
Nakatsutsumi Motoaki,
Pelka Alexander,
Plueckthun Christian,
Prescher Clemens,
Preston Thomas R.,
Röper Michael,
Schmidt Andreas,
Seidel Wolfgang,
Schwinkendorf Jan-Patrick,
Schoelmerich Markus O.,
Schramm Ulrich,
Schropp Andreas,
Strohm Cornelius,
Sukharnikov Konstantin,
Talkovski Peter,
Thorpe Ian,
Toncian Monika,
Toncian Toma,
Wollenweber Lennart,
Yamamoto Shingo,
Tschentscher Thomas
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of synchrotron radiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 99
ISSN - 1600-5775
DOI - 10.1107/s1600577521007335
Subject(s) - laser , physics , optics , ultrashort pulse , spectrometer , beam (structure) , photon
The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>10 12 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X‐ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X‐ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X‐ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self‐amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X‐ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X‐ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X‐ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X‐ray pulses.