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Morphological, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Starch Nanocrystals Affected by Different Botanic Origins
Author(s) -
Xu Yixiang,
Sismour Edward N.,
Grizzard Cory,
Thomas Melissa,
Pestov Dmitry,
Huba Zachary,
Wang Tongwen,
Bhardwaj Harbans L.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
cereal chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.558
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1943-3638
pISSN - 0009-0352
DOI - 10.1094/cchem-10-13-0222-r
Subject(s) - crystallinity , starch , nanocrystal , amylose , chemistry , particle size , acid hydrolysis , thermal decomposition , resistant starch , potato starch , hydrolysis , chemical engineering , food science , crystallography , materials science , organic chemistry , nanotechnology , engineering
ABSTRACT Six types of starch nanocrystals were prepared from corn, barley, potato, tapioca, chickpea, and mungbean starches with an acid hydrolysis method. The yields and morphological, structural, and thermal properties of starch nanocrystals were characterized. Starch nanocrystals had yields ranging from 8.8 to 35.7%, depending on botanical origin. During acid hydrolysis, amylose was effectively degraded, and no amylose was detected in any starch nanocrystal. Shape and size of native starch granules varied between starches, whereas there was no obvious difference in shape among different types of starch nanocrystals. The average particle size of starch nanocrystals was mainly related to crystalline type of native starches. Compared with their native starch counterparts, changes in crystalline diffraction patterns of starch nanocrystals depended on the original botanical source and crystalline structure. Degree of crystallinity, melting temperature, and enthalpy of starch nanocrystals increased, whereas their thermal decomposition temperature decreased. Of six produced starch nanocrystals, potato starch nanocrystal had the lowest yield, degree of crystallinity, and onset and melting temperatures, the largest particle size, and obvious changes in crystalline diffraction pattern.