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CONSENSUS to EMPHASIS: the overwhelming evidence which makes blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system the cornerstone of therapy for systolic heart failure
Author(s) -
McMurray John J.V.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
european journal of heart failure
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.149
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1879-0844
pISSN - 1388-9842
DOI - 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr093
Subject(s) - medicine , heart failure , enalapril , cardiology , aldosterone , ejection fraction , renin–angiotensin system , blockade , spironolactone , intensive care medicine , angiotensin converting enzyme , blood pressure , receptor
We will shortly celebrate the 25th anniversary of the publication of the Co‐operative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS), a clinical trial which revolutionized the treatment of heart failure and highlighted the importance of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathophysiology of heart failure ( Figure 1 ). In this article I will give a brief, historical overview of this exciting quarter‐century of discovery related to the RAAS. My focus is on the treatment of heart failure in patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction.