A Review: The Use of Nanoparticles in Cutting Fluid as an Effort to Improve the Performance of Hard Machining in Sustainable MQL Systems

To obtain high machining performance on metal cutting, several supporting factors include the selection of tools and workpieces. To obtain the environmentally friendly cutting conditions known as green machining currently a minimum quantity cutting fluid (MQL / MQCL) is required. Based on the literature related to green machining problems in the material cutting process, this paper focuses on the addition of nanoparticle additives and observes aspects of operator safety and environmental pollution. The focus of selecting machining methods is in the form of dry and wet machining, the use of minimized fluids (MQL), and the use of vegetable oil as the base material for cutting fluids. The approach taken to focus attention is MQL / MQCL, the use of tools, and machinability which includes machining process parameters. Most of the studies indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to the developed cutting fluid had a significant effect on the machining performance parameters using the MQL / MQCL method. The study presented in this paper is a summary analysis of the impact of the nanoparticles on cutting fluid developed on the performance of the machining process carried out to help generate new research ideas for realizing green machining technology in the future.