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In this work, we propose a proper plasma analysis practice (PPAP), an updatedprocedure of plasma diagnostics in the era of spatially-resolved spectroscopy.In particular, we emphasize the importance of performing both of the extinctioncorrection and the direct method of plasma diagnostics simultaneously as anintegrated process. This approach is motivated by the reciprocal dependencebetween critical parameters in these analyses, which can be resolved byiteratively seeking a converged solution. The use of PPAP allows us toeliminate unnecessary assumptions that prevent us from obtaining an exactsolution at each element of the spectral imaging data. Using a suite ofHST/WFC3 narrowband images of the planetary nebula, NGC 6720, we validate PPAPby (1) simultaneously and self-consistently deriving the extinction, c(Hb), andelectron density/temperature distribution, (n_e, T_e), maps that are consistentwith each other, and (2) obtaining identical metal abundance distribution maps,(n(N^+)/n(H^+), n(S^+)/n(H^+)), from multiple emission line maps at differentwavelengths/transition energies. We also determine that the derived c(Hb)consists both of the ISM and circumsource components and that the ionizedgas-to-dust mass ratio in the main ring is at least 437 and as high as about1600. We find that, unless we deliberately seek self-consistency, uncertaintiesat tens of per cent can easily arise in outcomes, making it impossible todiscern actual spatial variations that occurs at the same level, defeating thepurpose of conducting spatially resolved spectroscopic observations.

publications of the astronomical society of the pacific

Proper Plasma Analysis Practice (PPAP), an Integrated Procedure of the  Extinction Correction and Plasma Diagnostics: a Demo with an HST/WFC3 Image  Set of NGC6720