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Transport at microscopic length scales is essential in biological systems andvarious technologies, including microfluidics. Recent experiments achievedself-organized transport phenomena in microtubule active matter using light tomodulate motor-protein activity in time and space. Here, we introduce a novelphenomenological model to explain such experiments. Our model, based onspatially modulated particle interactions, reveals a possible mechanism foremergent transport phenomena in light-controlled active matter, includingmotility and contraction. In particular, the model's analytic treatmentelucidates the conservation of the center of mass of activated particles as afundamental mechanism of material transport and demonstrates the necessity ofmemory for sustained motility. Furthermore, we generalize the model to explainother phenomena, like microtubule aster-aster interactions induced by morecomplicated activation geometries. Our results demonstrate that the modelprovides a possible foundation for the phenomenological understanding oflight-controlled active matter, and it will enable the design and optimizationof transport protocols for active matter devices.

Phenomenological model of motility by spatiotemporal modulation of active interactions