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The development of a new hard x-ray beamline I-TOMCAT equipped with a1-meter-long short-period bulk high-temperature superconductor undulator(BHTSU) has been scheduled for the upgrade of the Swiss Light Source (SLS 2.0)at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The very hard x-ray source generated bythe BHTSU will increase the brilliance at the beamline by over one order ofmagnitude in comparison to other state-of-the-art undulator technologies andallow experiments to be carried out with photon energies in excess of 60 keV.One of the key challenges for designing a 1-meter-long (100 periods) BHTSU isthe large-scale simulation of the magnetization currents inside 200staggered-array bulk superconductors. A feasible approach to simplify theelectromagnetic model is to retain five periods from both ends of the1-meter-long BHTSU, reducing the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) to thescale of millions. In this paper, the theory of the recently-proposed 2D A-Vformulation-based backward computation method is extended to calculate thecritical state magnetization currents in the ten-period staggered-array BHTSUin 3D. The simulation results of the magnetization currents and the associatedundulator field along the electron beam axis are compared with the well-known3D H-formulation and the highly efficient 3D H-{\phi} formulation method, allmethods showing excellent agreement with each other as well as withexperimental results. The mixed H-{\phi} formulation avoids computing the eddycurrents in the air subdomain and is significantly faster than the fullH-formulation method, but is slower in comparison to the A-V formulation-basedbackward computation. Finally, the fastest and the most efficient A-Vformulation in ANSYS 2020R1 Academic is adopted to optimize the integrals ofthe undulator field along the electron beam axis by optimizing the sizes of theend bulks.

superconductor science and technology/superconductor science and technology

Fully-staggered-array bulk Re-Ba-Cu-O short-period undulator:  large-scale 3D electromagnetic modelling and design optimization using A-V  and H-formulation methods