Open AccessA review of system integration and current integrity monitoring methods for positioning in intelligent transport systems
Author(s) -
Hassan Tarek,
ElMowafy Ahmed,
Wang Kan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iet intelligent transport systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.579
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1751-9578
pISSN - 1751-956X
DOI - 10.1049/itr2.12003
Subject(s) - system integrity , computer science , robustness (evolution) , odometer , global positioning system , intelligent transportation system , receiver autonomous integrity monitoring , component (thermodynamics) , fault detection and isolation , positioning system , hybrid positioning system , engineering , systems engineering , real time computing , satellite navigation , transport engineering , artificial intelligence , telecommunications , actuator , gene , thermodynamics , biochemistry , chemistry , physics , structural engineering , node (physics)
Abstract Applications of intelligent transportation systems are continuously increasing. Since positioning is a key component in these systems, it is essential to ensure its reliability and robustness, and monitor its integrity so that the required levels of positioning accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability can be maintained. In challenging environments, such as urban areas, a single navigation system is often difficult to fulfil the positioning requirements. Therefore, integrating different navigation sensors becomes intrinsic, which may include the global navigation satellite systems, the inertial navigation systems, the odometers and the light detection and ranging sensors. To bind the positioning errors within a pre‐defined integrity risk, the integrity monitoring is an essential step in the positioning service, which needs to be fulfilled for integrated vehicular navigation systems used in intelligent transportation systems. Developing such innovative integrity monitoring techniques requires knowledge of many relevant aspects including the structure, positioning methodology and different errors affecting the positioning solution of the individual and integrated systems. Moreover, knowledge is needed for the current mitigation techniques of these errors, for possible fault detection and exclusion algorithms and for computation of protection levels. This paper provides an overview and discussion of these aspects with a focus on intelligent transportation systems.