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West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion
Author(s) -
Harrington Theresa,
Kuehnert Matthew J.,
Kamel Hany,
Lanciotti Robert S.,
Hand Sheryl,
Currier Mary,
Chamberland Mary E.,
Petersen Lyle R.,
Marfin Anthony A.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00481.x
Subject(s) - seroconversion , virology , medicine , blood transfusion , serology , flaviviridae , viremia , immunology , chills , antibody , whole blood , flavivirus , virus , hepatitis c virus
BACKGROUND: A patient with transfusion‐transmitted West Nile virus (WNV) infection confirmed by viral culture of a blood component is described. A 24‐year‐old female with severe postpartum hemorrhage developed fever, chills, headache, and generalized malaise after transfusion of 18 units of blood components; a serum sample and the cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for the presence of WNV IgM antibodies. An investigation was initiated to determine a possible association between transfusion and WNV infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donors were assessed for recent infection through questionnaires and WNV testing of serum samples. Whole‐blood retention segments and untransfused blood components were sent to the CDC to test for the presence of WNV through PCR (TaqMan, Applied Biosystems), IgM ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization testing, and viral culture. RESULTS: Three of 15 available donor retention segments were WNV PCR‐positive. WNV was recovered from one associated blood component. The implicated donor was symptomatic near the time of donation; serology confirmed WNV IgM seroconversion. CONCLUSION: Seroconversion of a symptomatic donor, the presence of viral genetic material in an associated whole‐blood retention segment, and recovery of WNV from an associated component provides compelling evidence for transfusion‐acquired infection. This report has important implications for blood safety.