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Changes in gene expression are a hallmark of learning and memory consolidation. Little is known about how alternative mRNA processing, particularly abundant in neuron-specific genes, contributes to these processes. Prototype RNA binding proteins of the neuronally expressed ELAV/Hu family are candidates for roles in learning and memory, but their capacity to cross-regulate and take over each other’s functions complicate substantiation of such links. Honey bees  Apis mellifera  have only one  elav/Hu  family gene  elavl2 , that has functionally diversified by increasing alternative splicing including an evolutionary conserved microexon. RNAi knockdown demonstrates that ELAVL2 is required for learning and memory in bees. ELAVL2 is dynamically expressed with altered alternative splicing and subcellular localization in mushroom bodies, but not in other brain regions. Expression and alternative splicing of  elavl2  change during memory consolidation illustrating an alternative mRNA processing program as part of a local gene expression response underlying memory consolidation.

Dynamically expressed single ELAV/Hu orthologue elavl2 of bees is required for learning and memory