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Most stars and their planets form in open clusters. Over 95 per cent of suchclusters have stellar densities too low (less than a hundred stars per cubicparsec) to withstand internal and external dynamical stresses and fall apartwithin a few hundred million years. Older open clusters have survived by virtueof being richer and denser in stars (1,000 to 10,000 per cubic parsec) whenthey formed. Such clusters represent a stellar environment very different fromthe birthplace of the Sun and other planet-hosting field stars. So far morethan 800 planets have been found around Sun-like stars in the field. The fieldplanets are usually the size of Neptune or smaller. In contrast, only fourplanets have been found orbiting stars in open clusters, all with massessimilar to or greater than that of Jupiter. Here we report observations of thetransits of two Sun-like stars by planets smaller than Neptune in thebillion-year-old open cluster NGC6811. This demonstrates that small planets canform and survive in a dense cluster environment, and implies that the frequencyand properties of planets in open clusters are consistent with those of planetsaround field stars in the Galaxy.

The same frequency of planets inside and outside open clusters of stars