Open AccessIndirect somatic embryogenesis of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a medicinal-ornamental plant: evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activity and histological study
Author(s) -
Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani,
Mohadeseh Hejazi,
Kazem Kamali Aliabad
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
molecular biology reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1573-4978
pISSN - 0301-4851
DOI - 10.1007/s11033-020-05713-y
Subject(s) - somatic embryogenesis , callus , activated charcoal , murashige and skoog medium , ornamental plant , biology , botany , plantlet , hydrolysate , antioxidant , acclimatization , casein , horticulture , chemistry , food science , explant culture , biochemistry , hydrolysis , organic chemistry , adsorption , in vitro
Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) is a widely used medicinal and ornamental plant. In the present study, the callus embryogenesis was examined using benzyl adenine (BA) at three levels (3, 4, 5 mg L -1 ), 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at three levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg L -1 ) with or without activated charcoal (1 g L -1 ), coconut milk (50 ml L -1 ) and casein hydrolysate (50 mg L -1 ) in the MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium. The embryogenesis indirectly occurred with the production of callus. The calli were observed in three forms: undifferentiated, embryogenic and organogenic. The embryogenic calli were dark green and coherent with a faster growth rate. The highest embryogenesis (100%) and embryonic regeneration (plantlet production) were obtained in the combined BA + NAA treatments with the activated charcoal, coconut milk and casein hydrolysate. However, the combined treatments of growth regulators failed to produce somatic embryos without the use of coconut milk and casein hydrolysate. The maximum amount of protein, peroxidase and catalase activity of embryogenic calli (2.02, 1.79 and 6.62ΔOD/Min/mg.protein, respectively), and highest percentage of acclimatization success (29.3% of plants) were obtained in the combined treatment of 5 mg L -1 BA + 0.5 mg L -1 NAA + activated charcoal + coconut milk + casein hydrolysate. The highest amount of chlorophyll content (33.3 SPAD value) and growth characteristics of acclimatized plantlets were observed in the media containing 3 mg L -1 BA + 0.1 and 0.2 mg L -1 NAA + 1 g. L -1 combined activated charcoal, coconut milk, casein hydrolysate. The histological studies confirmed the somatic embryogenesis in purple coneflower. Generally, it was found that the somatic embryogenesis of E. purpurea occurs at high levels of BA and low levels of NAA with the addition of coconut milk and casein hydrolysate.