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Mammalian Phosphatidylinositol 4‐Kinases
Author(s) -
Heilmeyer Ludwig M. G.,
Szivák Ilona,
Vereb György,
Kakuk Annamária,
Vereb György
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
iubmb life
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.132
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1521-6551
pISSN - 1521-6543
DOI - 10.1002/tbmb.718540873
Subject(s) - wortmannin , golgi apparatus , microbiology and biotechnology , diacylglycerol kinase , biology , phosphatidylinositol , cytoplasm , kinase , subcellular localization , nuclear localization sequence , biochemistry , endoplasmic reticulum , second messenger system , protein kinase c , signal transduction
Abstract Three phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase isoforms, PI4K 230, 92 and 55 have been cloned and sequenced allowing a much wider characterization than the previously employed enzymological typing into type II and III enzymes. PI4K 230 and 92 contain a highly conserved catalytic core, PI4K55 one with a much lower degree of similarity. Candidate kinase motifs, deduced from the protein kinase super family, are absolutely conserved in all isoforms. Kinase activities are described based on their sensitivity and reactivity towards wortmannin, phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and 5′‐p‐fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA). Localization of all isoforms in the cell is reported. All enzymes contain nuclear localization and export sequence motifs (NLS and NES) leading to the expectation that they can be transferred to the nucleus. PI4K230 has been found in the nucleolus, PI4K92 in the nucleus, additionally further broadening the function of these enzymes. In the cytoplasm of neuronal cells, PI4K230 is distributed evenly on membranes that are ultra structurally cisterns of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, outer membranes of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, and are in close vicinity of synaptic contacts. PI4K92 is functionally characterized as a key enzyme regulating Golgi disintegration/reorganization during mitosis probably via phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinases on well‐defined sites. PI4K55 is involved in the production of second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) at the plasma membrane, moreover, in the endocytotic pathway in the cytoplasm.