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The use of short‐lived radionuclides to quantify transitional bed material transport in a regulated river
Author(s) -
Salant Nira L.,
Renshaw Carl E.,
Magilligan Francis J.,
Kaste James M.,
Nislow Keith H.,
Heimsath Arjun M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
earth surface processes and landforms
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.294
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1096-9837
pISSN - 0197-9337
DOI - 10.1002/esp.1414
Subject(s) - tributary , hydrology (agriculture) , bed load , sediment , radionuclide , sediment transport , sedimentation , environmental science , spring (device) , streamflow , geology , hyperconcentrated flow , geomorphology , drainage basin , geotechnical engineering , geography , mechanical engineering , physics , cartography , quantum mechanics , engineering
Abstract We investigate the use of the short‐lived fallout radionuclide beryllium‐7 ( 7 Be; t 1/2 = 53·4 days) as a tracer of medium and coarse sand (0·25–2 mm), which transitions between transport in suspension and as bed load, and evaluate the effects of impoundment on seasonal and spatial variations in bed sedimentation. We measure 7 Be activities in approximately monthly samples from point bar and streambed sediments in one unregulated and one regulated stream. In the regulated stream our sampling spanned an array of flow and management conditions during the annual transition from flood control in the winter and early spring to run‐of‐the‐river operation from late spring to autumn. Sediment stored behind the dam during the winter quickly became depleted in 7 Be activity. This resulted in a pulse of ‘dead’ sediment released when the dam gates were opened in the spring which could be tracked as it moved downstream. Measured average sediment transport velocities (30–80 metres per day (m d −1 )) exceed those typically reported for bulk bed load transport and are remarkably constant across varied flow regimes, possibly due to corresponding changes in bed sand fraction. Results also show that the length scale of the downstream impact of dam management on sediment transport is short ( c. 1 km); beyond this distance the sediment trapped by the dam is replaced by new sediment from tributaries and other downstream sources. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.