Open AccessThe DNA history of a lonely oak: Quercus humboldtii phylogeography in the Colombian Andes
Author(s) -
ZorrillaAzcué Sofía,
GonzálezRodríguez Antonio,
Oyama Ken,
González Mailyn A.,
RodríguezCorrea Hernando
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
ecology and evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.17
H-Index - 63
ISSN - 2045-7758
DOI - 10.1002/ece3.7529
Subject(s) - last glacial maximum , ecology , pleistocene , quaternary , palynology , climate change , interglacial , phylogeography , glacial period , population , dominance (genetics) , geography , demographic history , genetic diversity , biology , paleontology , archaeology , demography , pollen , biochemistry , sociology , gene , phylogenetic tree
Abstract The climatic and geological changes that occurred during the Quaternary, particularly the fluctuations during the glacial and interglacial periods of the Pleistocene, shaped the population demography and geographic distribution of many species. These processes have been studied in several groups of organisms in the Northern Hemisphere, but their influence on the evolution of Neotropical montane species and ecosystems remains unclear. This study contributes to the understanding of the effect of climatic fluctuations during the late Pleistocene on the evolution of Andean mountain forests. First, we describe the nuclear and plastidic DNA patterns of genetic diversity, structure, historical demography, and landscape connectivity of Quercus humboldtii , which is a typical species in northern Andean montane forests. Then, these patterns were compared with the palynological and evolutionary hypotheses postulated for montane forests of the Colombian Andes under climatic fluctuation scenarios during the Quaternary. Our results indicated that populations of Q. humboldtii have high genetic diversity and a lack of genetic structure and that they have experienced a historical increase in connectivity from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present. Furthermore, our results showed a dramatic reduction in the effective population size followed by an expansion before the LGM, which is consistent with the results found by palynological studies, suggesting a change in dominance in Andean forests that may be related to ecological factors rather than climate change.