Synthesis and evaluating of carbon nanoallotrope‐biomacromolecule gel composites as drug delivery systems

This work was done to assess the role of precursors (agro and graphite) on performance of carbon nanoallotropes‐biomacromolecules composite as drug delivery for controlling the release of niacin. In this respect graphene oxide and bagasse‐based carbon oxide were synthesized and chelated with chitosan (Cs‐GO and Cs‐Co). These gel composites were characterized by many techniques [morphology, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading (L) % of niacin. Another series of experiments was carried out for studying the role of replacing part of carbon nanoallotrope by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on performance of produced drug carries, these systems were coded as Cs‐GO‐CMC and Cs‐Co‐CMC. The data showed that, the Cs‐GO gel composite provided maximum release of NA, at 5 h, for pH's simulated gastric and intestinal fluids; pH. 2.1 and pH 7.4 (1120 mg/L and 757 mg/L). The incorporation of CMC is not acceptable as it provided low drug release together with burst release of NA‐drug, and consequently possible caused tissue irritation or toxicity in the human body. The Cs‐GO and Cs‐CO systems with relatively low drug loading were recommended for their better controllability system to NA release, which prolonging benefit of human with niacin. The NA release from all investigated gels followed Fickian and non‐Fickian diffusion mechanisms.