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The use of very high energy electrons (VHEE) for radiotherapy has beenactively studied for over two decades due to its advantageous dosedistribution, deep penetration depth and great potential of ultra-highdose-rate irradiation. However, the high entrance dose of VHEE beams can damagethe surface skin of patients and hinder its widespread application. To addressthis challenge, a novel method utilizing only two dipole magnets is presentedin this article. By adjusting the magnet strengths, the electron beams can beguided along different angular directions towards a specific position as deepas 20 cm inside a water phantom, creating a maximum dose over the target regionand significantly reducing the entrance dose Supported by Monte Carlosimulations, such a beam delivery approach contains two major advantages overprevious methods: first, it is insensitive to beam energy spread, releasing theconstraints on accelerator performance, and second, the dose peak position canbe accurately controlled in both lateral and longitudinal directions. Inaddition, we also show that a flattop dose peak can be generated by theweighted sum of VHEE beams focusing at different positions. These resultsdemonstrate that VHEE beams can be compactly delivered into a deep-seated tumorregion in a controllable manner, thus advancing the development of the VHEEradiotherapy towards the practical clinical applications in the near future.

Angular scanning VHEE (very high energy electron) pencil beam delivery for radiotherapy