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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the national systems of populationmovement around the world. Existing work has focused on countries of the GlobalNorth and restricted to the immediate effects of COVID-19 data during 2020.Data have represented a major limitation to monitor change in mobility patternsin countries in the Global South. Drawing on aggregate anonymised mobile phonelocation data from Meta-Facebook users, we aim to analyse the extent andpersistence of changes in the levels (or intensity) and spatial patterns ofinternal population movement across the rural-urban continuum in Argentina,Chile and Mexico over a 26-month period from March 2020 to May 2022. We revealan overall systematic decline in the level of short- and long-distance movementduring the enactment of nonpharmaceutical interventions in 2020, with thelargest reductions occurred in the most dense areas. We also show that theselevels bounced back closer to pre-pandemic levels in 2022 following therelaxation of COVID-19 stringency measures. However, the intensity of thesemovements has remained below pre-pandemic levels in many areas in 2022.Additionally our findings lend some support to the idea of an urban exodus.They reveal a continuing negative net balances of short-distance movements inthe most dense areas of capital cities in Argentina and Mexico, reflecting apattern of suburbanisation. Chile displays limited changes in the net balanceof short-distance movements but reports a net loss of long-distance movements.These losses were, however, temporary, moving to neutral and positive balancesin 2021 and 2022.

Reduced mobility? Urban exodus? Medium-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on internal population movements in Latin American countries