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The refuge floors have been introduced into high-rise buildings with the aimof ensuring a safe place to stay for the occupants in case of an emergency:primarily during a fire breakout. Provisionals for natural ventilation of therefuge floor have been made mandatory in all fire codes as it is not wise torely only on mechanical methods to remove the smoke-logged inside the refugefloor. However, the effectiveness of such provisions has been questioned inmany studies as it highly depends on factors such as wind direction andbuilding geometry. In this study, using three-dimensional computational fluiddynamics modelling, it is shown that careful analysis of smoke distribution canprovide the opportunity to integrate natural ventilation in an effective mannerto maintain prolonged habitable conditions on a refugee floor, even withoutmechanical ventilation. Consequently, the performance of a refugee floornatural ventilation strategy of a proposed 70-storey building is evaluated inthis study by evaluating the distribution of temperature, visibility, smoke,and Carbon Monoxide concentration during a fire breakout, with a specialemphasis on windows placement and the size of the opening area. Initial windowsplacement was as per the code requirements and later the windows layout and theopening size were altered step by step based on the simulation findings until asafe configuration is achieved. Results showed that adequate cross-ventilationis a prime factor to establish a safe refugee floor area. Also, fire safetystrategies in a building need to be evaluated to confirm their effectivenesssince the dominant parameters such as wind direction, building geometry, andbuilding orientation are not identical for each building.

Analysis of natural ventilation of refuge floor in High Rise Buildings