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The number of superconducting qubits contained in a single quantum processoris increasing steadily. However, to realize a truly useful quantum computer, itis inevitable to increase the number of qubits much further by distributingquantum information among distant processors using flying qubits. Here, wedemonstrate a key element towards this goal, namely, a SWAP gate between thesuperconducting-atom and microwave-photon qubits. The working principle of thisgate is the single-photon Raman interaction, which results from stronginterference in one-dimensional optical systems and enables a high gatefidelity insensitively to the pulse shape of the photon qubit, by simplybouncing the photon qubit at a cavity attached to the atom qubit. We confirmthe bidirectional quantum state transfer between the atom and photon qubits.The averaged fidelity of the photon-to-atom (atom-to-photon) state transferreaches 0.829 (0.801), limited mainly by the energy relaxation time of the atomqubit. The present atom-photon gate, equipped with an in situ tunability of thegate type, would enable various applications in distributed quantum computationusing superconducting qubits and microwave photons.

Demonstration of deterministic SWAP gate between superconducting and frequency-encoded microwave-photon qubits