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Middleboxes such as web proxies, firewalls, etc. are widely deployed intoday's network infrastructure. As a result, most protocols need to adapt theirbehavior to co-exist. One of the most commonly used transport protocols, QUIC,adapts to such middleboxes by falling back to TCP, where they block it. In thispaper, we argue that the blind fallback behavior of QUIC, i.e., notdistinguishing between failures caused by middleboxes and that caused bynetwork congestion, hugely impacts the performance of QUIC. For this, we focuson YouTube video streaming and conduct a measurement study by utilizingproduction endpoints of YouTube by enabling TCP and QUIC at a time. In total,we collect over 2600 streaming hours of data over various bandwidth patterns,from 5 different geographical locations and various video genres. To oursurprise, we observe that the legacy setup (TCP) either outperforms or performsthe same as the QUIC-enabled browser for more than 60% of cases. We see thatour observation is consistent across individual QoE parameters, bandwidthpatterns, locations, and videos. Next, we conduct a deep-dive analysis todiscover the root cause behind such behavior. We find a good correlation(0.3-0.7) between fallback and QoE drop events, i.e., quality drop andre-buffering or stalling. We further perform Granger causal analysis and findthat fallback Granger causes either quality drop or stalling for 70% of theQUIC-enabled sessions. We believe our study will help designers revisit thedecision to enable fallback in QUIC and distinguish between the packet dropscaused by middleboxes and network congestion.

YouTube over Google's QUIC vs Internet Middleboxes: A Tug of War between Protocol Sustainability and Application QoE