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Magnetic reconnection is a sporadic process responsible for energy release inspace and laboratory plasmas. It is believed that the tearing mode instabilitymay be responsible for the onset of reconnection in the magnetotail. However,due to its elusive nature, there is an absence of in-situ observations of thetearing instability prior to magnetic reconnection in our nearest naturalplasma laboratory. Using neural network outlier detection methods inconjunction with Cluster spacecraft data, we find unique electron pitch angledistributions that are consistent with simulation predictions of the tearinginstability and the subsequent evolution of plasma electrons and reconnection.We confirm that the events identified via our neural network outlier method arewell above the tearing stability threshold based on the criterion detailed inthis paper. We find signatures of magnetic reconnection minutes after themajority of tearing observations. Our analysis of the tearing instabilityprovides new insights into the fundamental understanding of the mechanismresponsible for reconnection, a process that is ubiquitous in differentastrophysical plasma regimes across the universe and in laboratory experimentson Earth.

Direct evidence of magnetic reconnection onset via the tearing instability