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Advanced nanomaterials with enhanced optical and photocatalytic propertiesfor the photodegradation of organic pollutants, in particular pharmaceuticalsand personal care products (PPCPs), were successfully prepared by a swiftone-pot synthesis. Nanostructured materials were synthesized through anintegrated hydrothermal procedure which generates titanate nanotubes (TNTs)with different carbon dots (C-dots) contents, from an amorphous titaniumoxide-based source and cork industry wastewaters (CIWWs) as carbon source.Their structural, microstructural, morphological, and optical properties werestudied by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescencespectroscopies. As aimed, the hybrid C-dots/TNT nanomaterials extend theirlight absorption towards the red, in comparison to pristine TNTs, promptingthem for a more efficient use of light in photocatalysis by widening the TNTsenergy uptake range. The decrease of bandgap energy with increasing sample'sC-dots content seems to be originated from energy intermediate states formedwithin the TNTs forbidden band resulting from Ti-O-C bonds established betweenthe TNTs and the C-dots that form tails of states. The as-synthesizedC-dots/TNT samples were tested in the photodegradation of caffeine as apollutant model. Rewarding results were obtained, with the hybrid C-dots/TNTnanomaterials showing significant enhanced photocatalytic ability towardcaffeine degradation in comparison to pristine TNTs. Photocatalysis assays inthe presence of scavengers and/or in the absence of oxygen were also performedaiming to characterize the most reactive species formed during thesemiconductor photo-activation process and thus assessing to possible reactivepathways underpinning the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid C-dots/TNTnanomaterials.

Novel C-dots/titanate nanotubular hybrid materials with enhanced optical and photocatalytic properties